Cdc recommends people living with hiv receive a meningococcal conjugate vaccine. Information about meningococcal disease and vaccination. The first step to following up a case of invasive meningococcal infection is to confirm the diagnosis. Meningococcal disease is caused by infection with bacteria called neisseria meningitidis. Household crowding is an important risk factor for meningococcal. We searched embase, medline, web of science, the cochrane library, and grey literature for papers reporting carriage of n meningitidis in defined age groups in european countries or in countries with a similar epidemiological pattern where disease caused by serogroups b and c predominates. The symptoms of meningococcal infection develop 1 to 10 days after a person is infected by the bacteria. Anyone with direct contact with a patients oral secretions saliva or spit, such as a boyfriend or girlfriend. Close contacts of a person with meningococcal disease should receive antibiotics to prevent them from getting sick. There are strains of meningococcus and five of these can be prevented by vaccines a, b, c, w and y strains. Meningococcal acwy vaccine can help protect against meningococcal disease caused by serogroups a, c, w, and y. Meningococcaemia is characterised by sudden onset of fever, intense. The views expressed in documents by named authors are solely the. Septicaemia andor meningitis are the most common clinical manifestations of invasive meningococcal disease imd.
Risk of transmission of meningococcal infection can be reduced by practicing good hygiene. Meningococci can also cause other problems, including a serious bloodstream infection called sepsis meningococcal infections can spread from person to. Meningococcal infection is uncommon, and not easily spread, but it can cause serious complications, including. Even in the age of antibiotics andvaccines, it remains one of the primary causes of bacterial meningitis worldwide. These bacteria can infect the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord called the meninges and cause meningitis, or they can infect the blood or other body organs. The most common infection is meningitis, which is an inflammation of the thin tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Meningococcal disease is the leading infectious cause of death in children and can kill a healthy person of any age within hours. Meningitis is an infection that can lead to a dangerous swelling of the membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Meningococcal quadrivalent vaccines healthlinkbc file 23b.
Often, reported cases of meningitis are ultimately found to be caused by bacteria other than neisseria meningitidis or by a virus. Meningococcal disease is a serious illness caused by a type of bacteria called neisseria meningitidis. In a very small number of people, the bacteria pass to the blood or spinal fluid causing a very serious infection. Neisseria meningitidis is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults in the united states, with an overall mortality rate of percent, and it is the second most common cause of communityacquired adult bacterial meningitis. Meningococcal disease is caused by bacteria called neisseria meningitidis. Meningitis has other causes as well, the most common being viral infection. Parent and employee advisory letter meningococcal disease in.
Meningococcal infection rates remain consistently higher in maori and pacific peoples compared with the total population. Although treatable with antibiotics, the infection can. To promptly identify clusters or outbreaks of disease and initiate appropriate prevention and control measures. The rate of meningococcal infection for students living in residence halls in the u. It can lead to meningitis infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord and infections of the blood. It has a high mortality rate if untreated but is vaccinepreventable. For children 1 12 years, 10 mgkg maximum 600 mg every 12. Meningococcal infection meningococcal infection is a serious illness caused by a bacterium known as meningococcus. Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine mpsv4 high risk conditionsgroups college freshmen, living in dormitories persons with functional or anatomic asplenia, or persistent complement component deficiency travelers or residents of countries where meningococcal disease is common, such as parts of africa. Embase 19802010, medline 19502010, web of science no date restriction, and the cochrane library no date restriction were searched for papers reporting carriage of neisseria meningitidis in defined age groups by the following combination of medical subject headings mesh terms and text words meningitis, meningococcal or exp.
When the results of all studies over a 2year period were combined, the reduction in groupspecific disease rates was 89. When a case of meningococcal disease is confirmed, the public health doctor will ensure that antibiotics are offered to any contacts of the case whose exposure puts them at particularly increased risk of infection. The disease can be caused by either viruses or bacteria. Clinical features the clinical picture may be variable. Apr 08, 2020 meningococci are a type of bacteria that cause serious infections. Coughing or sneezing directly into th e face of o thers. Thirty eueea member states report data on invasive meningococcal disease to ecdc. Genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 tollfree. Chapter meningococcal infection meningococcal infection september 2019 a small minority of individuals develop invasive disease after an incubation period of 34 days range 110 days. Ask for antigen testing if antibiotics were started before cultures were taken.
Extension outside the traditional meningitis belt in africa. We used mixedeffects logistic regression with a natural cubic spline to model. Clinical manifestations of meningococcal infection uptodate. Factors in the prognosis of meningococcal infection. Information about meningococcal disease, meningococcal vaccines, vaccination requirements and the waiver for students at colleges and residential schools colleges. A different meningococcal vaccine is available that can help protect against serogroup b. Meningococcal infection what is meningococcal infection.
Meningococcal disease refers to any illness caused by bacteria called neisseria meningitidis, also known as meningococcus muhninggohkokus. Symptoms of meningococcal disease may appear suddenly. When it invades the blood stream it is called meningococcal septicaemia and when it spreads into the linings of the brain the meninges it is called meningococcal meningitis. The best way to protect yourself during an outbreak is to get vaccinated. The most severe form of bacterial meningitis is called neisseria meningitidis. Meningococcal disease is a serious infection caused by bacteria, most commonly causing meningitis an infection of the membranes that surround the spinal cord and brain or sepsis an infection of blood that affects many organ systems. Meningococcal disease in a child care center dear parents of name of child. Since 2009 there have been less than 10 cases per year. These vaccines provide protection against meningococcal disease caused by serogroups a, c, w, and y. They include infections of the lining of the brain and spinal cord meningitis and bloodstream infections bacteremia or septicemia. Causative agent meningococcal infection is caused by the bacteria neisseria meningitidis. The spleen is an important organ for fighting meningococcal infections because it helps produce antibodies and filter bacteria.
Information about meningococcal disease and vaccination and waiver for students at residential schools and colleges revised legislation in massachusetts now requires all newly enrolled fulltime students attending a secondary school e. Meningococcal disease is most commonly caused by serogroups a, b, c, w and y. Pacific peoples had the highest disease rate in 2018 5. Therefore, cdc recommends meningococcal vaccines for all preteens and teens. Meningococcal infections can spread from person to. In quebec, 5% to 10% of healthy people are meningococcus carriers, but do not have any symptoms. How can meningococcal disease be i ns tu d iem or ag h fcy.
Although rare, it can cause serious and lifethreatening infections including meningitis, an infection of the lining that covers the brain, and septicemia, an. The disease is a result of a bacterial infection of the blood andor the membranes that line the spinal cord and brain. Invasive meningococcal infections are caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis. This program will be offered to children aged 1519 years because this age group can transmit the. If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader for language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 tollfree. In the us, about 1,0001,200 people get meningococcal disease each year and 10.
Meningococcal infection is uncommon but it is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in the uk. Meningitis is a severe infection of the bloodstream and meninges a thin lining covering the brain and spinal cord caused by a. A previous infection will not offer lifelong protection from future infections. The disease strikes quickly and can have serious complications, including death. Meningococcal infection symptoms and treatment patient. The basics rare, potentially deadly infection sometimes called bacterial meningitis or meningitis two common forms of infection brain and spinal cord meningitis blood meningococcemia early symptoms can mimic flu, migraine or other common conditions hard to diagnose infants can show.
Massachusetts requires all newly enrolled fulltime students 21 years of age and under attending a postsecondary institution e. Meningococcal disease, especially meningococcal meningitis, is one of the most devastating infections for an individual or community. Invasive meningococcal infections are caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis, an aerobic. Meningococcal disease is an infection caused by a bacteria, and can lead to two very serious illnesses. Serogroup b meningococcal vaccine, in addition to the meningococcal conjugate vaccine, is recommended for persons aged 10 years or older who are at increased risk for meningococcal disease due to certain medical conditions see section d, below. For language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer. Hospital infection control practices advisory committee hicpac recommendations regarding immunization of healthcare workers that routine vaccination of healthcare personnel is recommended, any individual 1155 years of age who wishes to reduce their risk of meningococcal disease may receive meningitis a, c, y and w5 vaccines and those. Information about meningococcal disease and vaccination and. Meningococcus is a bacterial infection which can make people sick very quickly. When it invades the blood stream it is called meningococcal septicaemia and when it spreads into the linings of the brain the meninges it is called.
A second largescale field trial of group c meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine in us army recruits confirmed the efficacy and safety of the vaccine. Meningococcal disease is one of the great bacterial threats to human health. Invasive infections can be complicated by arthritis, myocarditis, pericarditis, and endophthalmitis. Neisseria meningitidis are bacteria that can cause meningococcal disease, a very severe form of meningitis andor blood infection. Acute communicable disease control manual b73 revisionmay 2019. Meningococcal disease meningococcal disease is a rare but potentially fatal bacterial infection that can cause severe swelling of the brain and spinal cord meningitis or a serious blood infection meningococcemia. Some of the most common bacteria known to cause meningitis are described below. What you need to know meningococcal disease is a rare, but very serious illness caused by a type of bacteria called neisseria meningitidis. Chapter meningococcal infection september 2019infection. Meningococcal disease can cause meningitis infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord and infections of the blood.
Close contacts would need to be placed under medical surveillance for early signs of disease and may be given preventive medications. The two most common forms of meningococcal disease are meningitis, a bacterial infection of the fluid and covering of the spinal cord and brain. When the linings of the brain and spinal cord become infected, it is called meningitis. Even when it is treated, meningococcal disease kills 10 to 15 infected people out of 100. Guide to surveillance, investigation, and reporting iowa dept. Factors that increase the risk of invasive infection include young age incidence is highest in infants, followed by. Rarely, the bacteria enter areas of the body where bacteria are normally not found and cause a severe, lifethreatening invasive infection known as meningococcal disease. The risk of infection is higher among close contacts of patients with meningococcal infections. Ecdc has coordinated the surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease imd at the european level since the transfer of euibis european union invasive bacterial infections surveillance network to ecdc in 2007. Although rare, people can get meningococcal disease more than once. Since the introduction of vaccination against group c meningococcus in the uk in 1999, infection due to.
Patients should be treated promptly with antibiotics. Even if treated quickly, meningococcal disease can cause longterm problems or be deadly. About 15% of people carry these bacteria in their throats without getting sick. Vaccine information statement meningococcal vis cdc.
These bacteria can infect the these bacteria can infect the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord called the meninges and cause meningitis, or they can infect the blood or. The overall casefatality rate for meningococcal disease is 15% and is somewhat higher in late adolescence and in adults. Meningococcal infection is an important disease in children and young adults. Less common manifestations of meningococcal infection include conjunctivitis, septic arthritis, and chronic meningococcemia.
Meningococcal disease can be difficult to diagnose because the signs and symptoms are often similar to less serious illnesses. Meningococcal infections red book 2018 red book online. Meningococcal disease is caused by bacteria that can infect the blood or cause an infection of the brain and spinal cord called meningitis. To identify persons who have been significantly exposed to an individual with meningococcal infection, in order to recommend antibiotic prophylaxis and to inform them about signs and symptoms of illness. Meningococcal disease is often misdiagnosed as something less serious because early symptoms are similar to common viral illnesses. Massachusetts requires all newly enrolled fulltime students 21 years of age and under attending a. About 2,500 people in the uk have bacterial meningitis each year. Strains c, w and y, which are included in quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, account for 73% of meningococcal disease among people 11 years in the u. It may result in severe illness when the bacteria invade the bloodstream meningococcaemia or the membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord meningococcal meningitis. Review of 63 cases with emphasis on recognition and management of the severely ill patient. Meningococcal infection due to types a, c, y and w5 is very rare in b. Control of communicable diseases manual, 18th edition ed. The bacteria can live in the nose and throat of some people, usually not causing illness.
The incidence of meningococcal disease of all serogroups has been declining in the u. Transmission from person to person occurs through direct contact with nose and throat secretions. Early diagnosis and treatment of the disease are very important. These illnesses are often severe and can be deadly. Oct 28, 2019 causative agent meningococcal infection is caused by the bacteria neisseria meningitidis.
Meningococci can also cause other problems, including a serious bloodstream infection called sepsis. Treatment of meningococcal infection pubmed central pmc. The clinical manifestations of meningococcal disease can be quite varied, ranging from transient. Information about meningococcal disease, meningococcal. Meningococcal infection or meningococcal disease is caused by a bacteria called meningococcus. If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader.
The symptoms you feel and how a doctor treats the infection depend on what kind of organism is causing it. Persons at high risk for meningococcal disease include. These bacteria can infect the tissue the meninges that surrounds the brain and spinal cord and cause meningitis, or they may infect the blood or other body organs. Meningococcal disease is very serious and can be deadly in a matter of hours. Neisseria meningitidis bacteria are normally found in the nose and throat of 10 15% of healthy persons. Centre for health protection meningococcal infection. Cover noses and mouths when sneezing or coughing discard used tissues promptly wash hands thoroughly.
The disease is caused by bacteria that can cause an infection or meningitis in people of any age. Your child has been in contact with a child who has been diagnosed as having meningococcal meningitis or a serious meningococcal infection use applicable description. In certain situations, children and adults should also get meningococcal vaccines. While best known as a cause of meningitis, it can also result in sepsis, which is an even more damaging and dangerous condition. Meningococcal disease describes infections caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis also termed meningococcus. Vaccine information statement meningococcal vaccines.